The Factories Act, 1948: Working Hours, Spread Over and Overtime

 Details are mentioned regarding the working hours, spread over and overtime in Sec. 51, 54 to 56 & 59 of the Act :  

Central Government Act 

Section 51 in The Factories Act, 1948 

Weekly hours. 

No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more than forty-eight hours in any week.  

Central Government Act 

Section 54 in The Factories Act, 1948 

Daily hours. 

Subject to the provisions of section 51, not adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in a factory for more than nine hours in any day: [Provided that, subject to the previous approval of the Chief Inspector, the daily maximum specified in this section may be exceeded in order to facilitate the change of shifts.]  

Central Government Act 

Section 55 in The Factories Act, 1948 

Intervals for rest. The periods of work of adult workers in a factory each day shall be so fixed that no period shall exceed five hours and that no worker shall work for more than five hours before he has had an interval for rest of at least half an hour.  The State Government or, subject to the control of the State Government, the Chief Inspector, may, by written order and for the reasons specified therein, exempt any factory from the provisions of sub-section (1) so however that the total number of hours worked by a worker without an interval does not exceed six.

Central Government Act 

Section 56 in The Factories Act, 1948 

Spread over. The periods of work of an adult worker in a factory shall be so arranged that inclusive of his intervals for rest under section 55, they shall not spreadover more than ten and a half hours in any day: Provided that the Chief Inspector may, for reasons to be specified in writing increase the spreadover up to twelve hours.  

Central Government Act 

Section 59(1) in The Factories Act, 1948 

Where a worker works in a factory for more than nine hours in any day or for more than forty-eight hours in any week, he shall, in respect of overtime work, be entitled to wages at the rate of twice his ordinary rate of wages.. For the purposes of sub-section (1), “ordinary rate of wages” means the basic wages plus such allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to workers of food grains and other articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, but does not include a bonus and wages for overtime work.

Central Government Act 

Section 59(3) in The Factories Act, 1948 

Where any workers in a factory are paid on a piece rate basis, the time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of their full-time earnings for the days on which they actually worked on the same or identical job during the month immediately preceding the calendar month during which the overtime work was done, and such time rates shall be deemed to be ordinary rates of wages of those workers: Provided that in the case of a worker who has not worked in the immediately preceding calendar month on the same or identical job, the time rate shall be deemed to be equivalent to the daily average of the earning of the worker for the days on which he actually worked in the week in which the overtime work was done. Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-section in computing the earnings for the days on which the worker actually worked such allowances, including the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to workers of foodgrains and other articles, as the worker is for the time being entitled to, shall be included but any bonus or wages for overtime work payable in relation to the period with reference to which the earnings are being computed shall be excluded.] 2[(4) The cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of foodgrains and other articles shall be computed as often as may be prescribed on the basis of the maximum quantity of foodgrains and other articles admissible to a standard family.   Explanation 1.—“Standard family” means a family consisting of the worker, his or her spouse and two children below the age of fourteen years requiring in all three adult consumption units.   Explanation 2.—“Adult consumption unit” means the consumption unit of a male above the age of fourteen years; and the consumption unit of a female above the age of fourteen years and that of a child below the age of fourteen years shall be calculated at the rates of 0.8 and 0.6 respectively of one adult consumption unit.

Central Government Act 

Section 59(5)(a) in The Factories Act, 1948 

The manner in which the cash equivalent of the advantage accruing through the concessional sale to a worker of food grains and other articles shall be computed; and  

Central Government Act 

Section 59(5)(b) in The Factories Act, 1948 

The registers that shall be maintained in a factory for the purpose of securing compliance with the provisions of this section.

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